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Microarray studies using Affymetrix gene chips have demonstrated GHK-Cu resetting aging-related gene expression profiles in dermal fibroblasts, including upregulation of genes encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD1), metallothionein, collagen types I and III, and multiple anti-inflammatory interleukins

While human studies on the effects of DSIP are not definitive, the neuropeptides promotion of slow-wave sleep is reported across several preclinical studies [4]

AMY1R, AMY2R, and AMY3R

At 0, 3, 7, and 10 days, the tissues were fixed, and cryosections were used for in situ apoptotic staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL), according to the manufacturers instructions (Servicebio, Beijing, China)

A significant decrease of these marker proteins was observed in FOXO4-DRI treated group compared with the control group (Figure 2D)