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Mechanisms linking environmental agents to the development of Autoimmune Diseases Oxidative stress-mediated disturbance of Nrf2, induction of NF-kB, PARP1, and NLRP3 can cause activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems, resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokines and production of autoantibodies, leading to tissue damage in Autoimmune disease

In fact, mTORC2 is known to activate serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), that will then stimulate ENaC and NHE-3, increasing sodium reabsorption (Satoh et al., 2015)

It helps regenerate damaged nerve cells and improves nerve signal transmission

Early diagnosis is important, as therapeutic phlebotomy or iron chelation can halt disease progression, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart failure, or diabetes, while allowing family members to be screened to avoid advanced disease [214]

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.857600