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Notably, nanocarriers such as gold nanoparticles loaded with miR-21-3p synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors by disrupting redox balance and sensitizing tumors to ferroptosis [125]

Most strikingly, analysis of the relative abundance of these metabolites showed extracellular accumulation of several aromatic amino acids and weak acids (e.g., dicarboxylic acids, ketones/keto-acids, and hydroxy fatty acids) in the gsh2 mutant and a significantly depleted intracellular amino acid content (Fig

Synapt G2-Si QTOF MS, Waters Corp., Manchester, UK) with reverse-phase (C18) column (Acquity HSS T3

PUFAs can be converted to PUFA-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) by ACSL4 and LPCAT3, which then react with ROS utilizing iron as a catalyst, thus triggering lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis [5, 12, 13]

Flavonoids, such as quercetin and catechins, are known for their ability to scavenge free radicals and modulate oxidative stress pathways [195]