Using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model, investigators found that elevated circulating TMAO had adverse effects on motor capacity, striatal neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammation in both the striatum and hippocampus of the mice [93]
Anticancer Drugs 20 , 396402 (2009)
Capsule (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, water), microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate (vegetable source) and silicon dioxide
Abbreviations ADFI: Average daily feed intake ADG: Average daily gain AGP: Antibiotic growth promoters BWG: Body weight growth CAT: Catalase CP: Crude protein DM: Dry matter E.coli : Escherichia coli EE: Ether extracts ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases G:F : Gain to feed ratio GE: Gross energy GIT: Gastrointestinal tract GnRH: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GSH-Px: Glutathione peroxidase IgA: Immunoglobulin A IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IgG: Immunoglobulin G IgM: Immunoglobulin M IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-10: Interleukin 10 IL-12: Interleukin 12 IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-2: Interleukin 2 IL-6: Interleukin 6 INF-: Interferon-gamma JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 MDA: Malondialdehyde MyHC: Myosin heavy chain NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NO: Nitric acid Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor OM: Organic matter SCFA: Short-chain fatty acids SIgA: Secretory immunoglobulin A SOD: Superoxide dismutase T-AOC: Total antioxidant capacity TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TGF-1: Transforming growth factor- TLR: Toll-like receptors TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor ZO-1 : Zonula occludens-1 References Abdelli N, Sol-Oriol D, Prez JF (2021) Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges
Detoxifies and Fights Damage Pollution, sun exposure, and stress can wreak havoc on your skin, causing damage and premature aging
