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The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age between 3 months and 20 years, (2) diagnosed with refractory epilepsy, having persistent seizures even after administration of two or more ASMs, (3) history of seizures within 2 weeks before the study, (4) baseline seizure frequency of more than 2 times per month Patients with a broad spectrum of seizure frequency was included to reflect the clinical heterogeneity of refractory epilepsy

Thyroid Effects Alpha-lipoic acid appears to interfere with the conversion of T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine), potentially lowering T3 levels

The study showed mechanistically that mtDNA released into the cytosol can bind to NLRP3, triggering its activation and the subsequent production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1, contributing to inflammation in lung tissues (Nakahira et al., 2015) (Figure 2)

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fumigatus wild-type and gliT , whereby the latter does not produce gliotoxin is somewhat at variance with the A