Retatrutide and cagrilintide are both investigational drugs not approved by the FDA
During the drug discovery process, preclinical/nonclinical toxicology studies are conducted to reveal a candidate molecules earliest potential toxic effects as it progresses from hit to lead and ultimately to a drug candidate, reducing the number of animals involved at later stages of drug discovery
Abbreviations HGF: hepatocyte growth factor ICIs: immune checkpoint inhibitors TME: tumor microenvironment EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma RTKs: receptor tyrosine kinases METex14: MET exon 14 skipping mutations NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells NK: natural killer DCs: dendritic cells ECM: extracellular matrix Chi3L1: chitinase-3-like-1 Treg: T regulatory CRC: colorectal cancer GC: gastric cancer IL-6R: interleukin-6 receptor MMPs: matrix metalloproteinases HIF1: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 IFN-: interferon-gamma HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma CTLs: cytotoxic T lymphocytes MSCs: Mesenchymal stromal cells CTLA-4: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 APCs: antigen-presenting cells ORR: objective response rate PFS: progression-free survival OS: overall survival GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3 References Knowles LM, Stabile LP, Egloff AM, Rothstein ME, Thomas SM, Gubish CT, Lerner EC, Seethala RR, Suzuki S, Quesnelle KM, et al
Taken together, although the Chinese University of Hong Kong did not have the highest number of publications ( n = 34), it had the highest centrality ranking among all institutions (0.63), indicating a strong influence in this field
One hemisphere of the brain was fixed in 30% sucrose cryoprotective solution for 4 h at 4 C to prevent tissue damage from freezing
