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The article discusses the pharmacokinetic challenges peptides face, such as low oral bioavailability due to poor membrane permeability and enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract

[4] A necessary caution attaches here: copper chemistry is double-edged, and a copper complex that is protective under one set of conditions can become pro-oxidant under another, which is one more reason the integrity and stoichiometry of the complex matter for how it behaves in a whole organism

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Even when ingested in normal amounts, copper and iron may become toxic in certain individuals with genetic predispositions that lead to hepatic overload - iron overload in hemochromatosis [11-17] or copper overload in Wilson disease [18-27]

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