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Advanced experimental techniques, including spatial transcriptome, single-cell (or nuclei) transcriptomics and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, will be instrumental in uncovering the epigenetic and transcriptomic signatures associated with the transformation of astrocytes under neurodegenerative conditions 156

379 In PGC-1 knockout mouse models, DA neurons exhibit increased sensitivity to the neurotoxin MPTP, potentially due to the lack of PGC-1-mediated induction of antioxidant responses

doi: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00038-7 105 VatterHSchillingLSchmiedekPEhrenreichH

Functions include but are not limited to synchronization of biological functions, information processing, memory storage, and a variety of functions that are thought to have a role in equilibrium.Studies show that whenDSIP was given to patients with insomnia, it offered these patients better sleep and also a decrease in tension during the day and a greater tolerance to psychic stress

Bonus- they're also crucial for the regulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, to help lower stress and anxiousness