In these settings, gut dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier integrity lead to systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, thereby exacerbating hepatic steatosis and fibrosis
BHB is believed to be the predominant energy source for neurons when blood glucose levels are low, such as while fasting for more than 12 h in mice or 24 h in humans [glycogen provides glucose for roughly 24 h in humans] (Chowdhury et al
EMM Quigley 2017 Microbiota-brain-gut axis and neurodegenerative diseases Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 17 12 94 JM Ridlon DJ Kang PB Hylemon 2006 Bile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria J Lipid Res 47 2 241 259 A Wahlstrom SI Sayin HU Marschall F Backhed 2016 Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism Cell Metab 24 1 41 50 Funabashi M, Grove TL, Wang M, Varma Y, McFadden ME, Brown LC, Guo C, Higginbottom S et al (2020) A metabolic pathway for bile acid dehydroxylation by the gut microbiome
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Although findings in the literature are sometimes conflicting and overall inconclusive, evidence suggests that a predominantly plant-based dietrich in antioxidants, fiber, and micronutrientsmay be advisable over dietary patterns characterized by excessive consumption of animal products, particularly animal fats and red meat, provided that adequate intake of iodine and other essential micronutrients is ensured
