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Cambridge University Press, 6896

De novo NAD(+) synthesis enhances mitochondrial function and improves health

H 2 O 2 signaling leads to the release of Nrf2 from complexes with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and ubiquitin ligase Cullin 3 and into the nucleus, where it binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE) and activates the expression of its target gene GPX8, which in turn regulates the expression of ER calcium by regulating SERCA ( 2 O 2 signaling and inhibiting Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, resulting in a decrease in GPX8, resulting in increased ER calcium content and signaling ( via GPX8, in the same study, after silencing Nrf2 in HeLa cells, GPX8 mRNA and protein levels also decreased, resulting in elevated ER and cytosolic calcium levels at rest and increased histamine-induced ER calcium release (Tokuda et al., 2019)

Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by oxidative stress is linked to activation of both caspase-8- and -9-mediated apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons

21 Downregulation of NLRX1 in IVDD activated the compensatory PINK1Parkin pathway to induce overactivated mitophagy and aggravated mitochondrial dysfunction