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Abbreviations SHMT1/2: Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 1 and 2 1C: One-carbon 3-PG: 3-phosphoglycerate PHGDH: Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase PSAT1: Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 PSPH: Phosphoserine phosphatase THF: Tetrahydrofolate 5,10-meTHF: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate TME: Tumor microenvironment FOCM: Folate-mediated One-carbon Metabolism SAM: S-adenosylmethionine DHFR: Dihydrofolate reductase dTMP: Deoxythymidine monophosphate UMFA: Unmetabolized folic acid MTR/MS: Methionine synthase TYMS: Thymidylate synthase dUMP: Deoxyuridine monophosphate MTHFR: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 5-meTHF: 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Met: Methionine MAT: Methionine adenosyltransferase MT: Methyltransferase SAH: S-adenosylhomocysteine AHCY: Adenosylhomocysteinase Hcy: Homocysteine BHMT: Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase MTHFD1/2: Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1/2 ALDH1L1/2: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1/2 SSP: Serine synthesis pathway 3-PHP: 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate 3-PS: 3-phosphoserine Glu: Glutamate PKM2: Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform MTFMT: Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase fMet-tRNA: Formylmethionyl-tRNA GART: Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase ATIC: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/ IMP cyclohydrolase NEAAs: Non-essential amino acids GCS: Glycine cleavage system SGOC: Serine-glycine-one-carbon GSH: Glutathione ADAM10: ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 APP: Amyloid precursor protein A: -amyloid BRISC: BRCC36 isopeptidase complex IFNAR1: Interferon alpha receptor 1 DUB: Deubiquitinating enzyme HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 CRC: Colorectal cancer GSK3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 NRF2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ATF4: Activating transcription factor 4 IGF2BP1: Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 5'-UTR: 5-untranslated region GCSCs: Gastric cancer stem cells PTMs: Post-translational modifications HDAC11: Histone deacetylase 11 ROS: Reactive oxygen species EOC: Epithelial ovarian cancer NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer HDM2: Human double minute 2 5-FU: 5-fluorouracil SETTLE: Spindle Epithelial Tumor with Thymus-Like Differentiation LGG: Low-grade glioma IDH3: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 CRLM: Colorectal cancer liver metastasis EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition RCC: Renal cell carcinoma HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma NOX1: NADPH oxidase 1 SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase MASH: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease BCAT1: Branched chain amino-acid transaminase 1 MS: Multiple sclerosis PYCR2: Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 PPI: Pre-pulse inhibition CHD: Congenital heart disease CVD: Cardiovascular disease HRV: Heart rate variability CKD: Chronic kidney disease VSMCs: Vascular smooth muscle cells DKK1: Dickkopf 1 PH: Pulmonary hypertension SXSM: Shenxianshengmai MELAS: Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes ALL: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia LTX: Lometrexol PTX: Pemetrexed MTX: Methotrexate GARFTase: Glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase FPGS: Folylpolyglutamate synthase RFC: Reduced folate carrier DLBCL: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma ERR: Estrogen-related receptor BL: Burkitt lymphoma HLD: Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy CADD: Computer-aided drug design References He L, Endress J, Cho S, Li Z, Zheng Y, Asara JM, Blenis J
