Unlike oral supplements, which can be poorly absorbed by the digestive system, B12 injections deliver the vitamin straight into your bloodstream for immediate impact
Table 1 Main indications and administration routes for B 12 treatment Evidence from animal and human studies shows that B 12 also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties,15 and intervention studies in humans have reported beneficial effects of better B 12 status or B 12 therapy in multiple sclerosis,16 Parkinsons disease,17 myalgic encephalomyelitis,18 autism,19 and (administering very high doses of methylcobalamin) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.20 Subcutaneous administration is sometimes recommended when intramuscular injections are contraindicated, for instance, in people using anticoagulants
Other side effects some people report include headache, a brief feeling of flushing or warmth, or nausea shortly after the injection
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Positive outcomes associated with specific GLP-1 receptor agonists extend beyond glycemic management, showcasing promise in improving cognition and olfactory function and reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), particularly relevant for patients with neuropathy [53]
