l-carnitine transports long chain fatty acids into mitochondria CARNITINE HOMEOSTASIS, MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Long chain fatty acid activation,

Nerve growth factor also prevented the tumor necrosis factor-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential [61]

Owing to the high cost of components such as cysteine and yeast extract, the original YCK50D medium formulation was considered economically unsuitable for large-scale industrial fermentation

In recent years, the metabonomics of innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils, has become the focus of increasing research, leading to elucidation of complex characteristics of the innate immune system

Six experimental groups ( n = 24 each) were established: control, solvent control, vehicle (blank SNPs/pALG), BaP-exposed (50 g/L), NAC-treated, and NAC-SNPs/pALG-treated groups, with NAC administered at 200 mg/kg fish diet for 4 weeks

Cycloheximide (CHX), tunicamycin (TUN), 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), reduced L-glutathione (GSH), reduced glutathione ethyl ester (GSHee) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St