l-cysteine vs l-glutathione derived Golgi apparatus-targeting carbon dots for visualizing glutathione fluctuations during ferroptosis The cystine/cysteine cycle: a redox

Heightened circulating inflammatory cytokines are crucial in driving the development of autoimmune diseases (232)

Glutathione helps neutralize free radicals, detoxifies harmful substances, and supports immune function

Validated medical treatments are: Narrow-band UVB phototherapy (311 nm) the gold standard for extensive vitiligo Topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) applied topically The JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib cream) recent innovation approved in 2022-2023 Melanocyte grafts for stabilized segmental forms The choice depends on the type of vitiligo, extent, age, and profile

MSCs could reduce the production of inflammatory factors such as IL, TGF, TNF and interferon (IFN), inhibit the proliferation of T and B cells, reduce IgG secretion, inhibit the maturation of dendritic cell and regulate the activities of other immune cells such as natural killer cells and macrophages (214)

Ghezzi P, Floridi L, Boraschi D, Cuadrado A, Manda G, Levic S, et al