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Caffeine increases the activity of the Na + K + pump to exert effects peripherally, enhancing the excitationcontraction coupling necessary for muscle contraction, which contributes to improved physical performance

Schneider TC, de Wit D, Links TP, van Erp NP, van der Hoeven JJM, Gelderblom H, et al

There were mortality reductions from replacing 3% of energy with plant protein for these animal products: Processed red meat: ~34% Eggs: ~19% Unprocessed red meat: ~12% Dairy: ~8% Fish: ~6% Poultry: ~6 These are incremental estimates within typical intake ranges and dont reflect decreases to zero animal protein

doi: 10.1002/oby.21136 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6