l-carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy TMAO metaorganismal pathway and chronic

TMAO metaorganismal pathway and chronic inflammatory diseases L Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE transgenic mice expressing CETP ScienceDirect Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target PMC Characterization of TMAO productivity from carnitine challenge facilitates personalized nutrition and microbiome signatures discovery Microbiome Springer Nature Link

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