However, direct laboratory evidence demonstrating YYFZs effects on mitochondria-ER interactions is still lacking
USA 111 , 76067611 (2014)
These results were attributed to an increase in fatty acid oxidation induced by luseogliflozin
o Cytokines including: o Interferons such as IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma o lnterleukines such as IL-1 , IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1 1 , IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21 , IL-22, IL-23, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27, IL-28,-IL-29, IL-30, IL-31 , IL-32, IL-33, IL-34, IL-35 o Tumor necrosis factors: TNF-alfa, TNF-beta o Others: CSFs (colony-stimulating factors), c-Kit, EPO, TGF-, CD40L, CD27L, CD30L, MIF Cytokine receptors like IL-1 R, IL-2R, IL-3R, IL-4R, IL-5R, IL-6R, IL-7R, IL-8R, IL-9-R, IL-10R, IL-1 1 R, IL-12R, IL-13R, IL-15R, IL-18R, IL-20R, IL-21 R, IL-22R, IL-23R, IL-27R, IL-28R Chemokines such as CXCL1 , CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL1 1 , CXCL12, CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CCL1 , CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL7, CCL8, CCL8, CCL9, CCL10, CCL1 1 , CCL12, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21 , CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, CCL25, CCL26, CCL27, CCL28, CXCR4, CCRL2 Chemokine receptors like CCR1 , CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CCR1 1 , CXCR1 , CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, CX3CR1 Toll-like receptors such as TLR1 , TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10 Toll like receptor ligands such as multiple triacyl lipopeptides, multiple diacyl lipopeptides, multiple glycolipids, multiple lipopeptides, multiple lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycans, Zymosan, single- and double-stranded RNA, Poly I:C, lipo-polysaccharides, fibrinogen, heparin sulphate fragments, hyaluronic acid fragments, flagellin, imidazoquinoline, loxoribine (guanosine analogue), bropirimine, Imiquimod, unmethylated CpG DNA
Research suggests it acts through modulation of several interconnected signaling pathways simultaneously a broad mechanism of action that helps explain its observed multisystemic effects in laboratory models, and that also makes it challenging to evaluate through conventional single-target drug development frameworks
