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This method avoids digestion and improves absorption

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase deficiency leads to glutathionuria, glutathionemia, growth failure, cataracts, lethargy, shortened life span, and infertility

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Background fluorescence was determined in each individual experiment with cells exposed to Triton (1%) and subtracted from all other values

Due to their enrichment in polyunsaturated phospholipids, peroxisomal membranes are highly vulnerable to 4-HNE-induced oxidative damage, which inactivates membrane-associated proteins such as PMP70 and PEX5 and disrupts membrane integrity, giving rise to leaky peroxisomes. The uncontrolled release of ROS and matrix proteins into the cytosol intensifies oxidative stress and, through damaged mitochondriaperoxisome contact sites, impairs fatty acid trafficking and metabolic coordination, thereby aggravating lipotoxic injury in DCM