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The forkhead transcription repressor FoxO1, involved in insulin signaling, is inactivated in absence of the late endosome/lysosome-anchored MARCH3, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to changes in the expression of genes involved in vascular permeability [25]

Some studies cited in a 2025 review noted that while proline can protect cells at low levels, when metabolized by the enzyme proline oxidase it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS)

We identified more than 300 putative targets of PKD3

CD 40 L, which initiates T-cell dependent B-cell proliferation and antibody formation [17]

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