glutathione synthesis in body Figure 2 from Glutathione: Master Antioxidant, Reducing Oxidative

Yavuzer H, Yavuzer S, Cengiz M, Erman H, Doventas A, Balci H, et al

These molecules intercept and neutralize free radicals before they can attack the delicate lipid bilayers of the cell membranes or damage the mitochondrial DNA

Luyckx et al., 2021)

It is important to note that curcumin exhibits a biphasic dose-response relationship: lower doses activate protective pathwaysincluding increased total glutathione (GSx) and GST activitywhile higher doses deplete GSH, reduce related metabolites (e.g., taurine, homocysteine), and may induce pro-oxidant effects or cellular toxicity (Scharstuhl et al., 2009)

(2021a, b) recently observed that 520 mM MDA improved the WHC and rheological properties of gels from myofibrillar proteins while at even higher MDA concentrations (40 mM), the emulsion gel was completely lost