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Under hypoxia or mitochondrial dysfunction, -KG can be converted to citrate by Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH 2) catalyzed carboxylation reaction, which is used for the synthesis of amino acids and fatty acids and the production of reducing agent NADPH

R., Neves, M

Courtney Schley contributed reporting in 2017 and 2018

Tyrosine also serves as the starting compound for the biosynthesis of tocochromanols (DellaPenna and Pogson, 2009) as well as plastoquinones (Norris et al., 1995), with the former class being essential antioxidants (Vitamin E) in the diets of animals (Schneider, 2005)

coli and Proteus sp Initially, a two-step pathway was proposed for L-carnitine metabolization in E