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280 The small sample sizes, heterogeneity in L-carnitine route of administration and dose, variable durations of study and methods of analysis, and the inclusion of patients with normal triglyceride levels in most studies make interpretation of these data difficult

Therefore, it could be inferred that tryptophan degradation was induced specifically in the lungs by the host as a tryptophan starvation response to counter the pathogen

These metabolites can be absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted in urine (Suttapitugsakul et al., 2025)

DhauriaMMondalRDebSShomeGChowdhuryDSarkarSet al

However, few studies targeted the frailty biomarkers were found