The secondary outcomes to be measured include the safety of both administration routes, quality of life (measured using the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire) and adherence to treatment
Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin found only in food sources such as meat, eggs, dairy, and fish
Water (Aqua), Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, SD Alcohol 40-B (Alcohol Denat.), Alanine/Histidine/LysinePolypeptide Copper HCl, Panthenol, Arginine, Lactic Acid, Polyquaternium-16, Butylene Glycol, Biotin, PEG-12 Dimethicone, Glycerin, Pisum Sativum (Pea) Sprout Extract, Lavandula Angustifolia (Lavender) Flower Extract, Camellia Sinensis (Green Tea) Leaf Extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract, Propanediol, Menthol, Pinanediol, Camphanediol, Polyquaternium-44, Amodimethicone, Hydrolyzed Quinoa, Coco-Caprylate, Isomalt, Xylitol, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Germ Extract, Triticum Vulgare (Wheat) Germ Extract, Guar Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Cetrimonium Chloride, Trideceth-12, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate
While topical application has minimal systemic absorption, the precautionary principle suggests avoiding use during pregnancy unless a healthcare provider approves
The general advice seems to be "take just enough but not too much." This advice isn't too different from that for all vitamins and drugs