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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society Introduction Autophagy and mitophagy are fundamental processes that play a crucial role in cellular maintenance, stress response and ageing (Reference Palmer, Wilson and Son1, Reference Picca, Faitg and Auwerx2)
Typhimurium): Salmonella typhimurium (LDH): Lactate dehydrogenase (O3): Ozone (Nox): Nitrogen oxides (IARC): International Agency for Research on Cancer (AFM1): Aflatoxin M1 (AFG2): Aflatoxin G2 (AFM2): Aflatoxin M2 (AFQ1): Aflatoxin Q1 (HCC): Hepatocellular carcinoma (TLC): Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPLC): High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR): Polymerase Chain Reaction (ELISA): Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (UPLCMS/MS): Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (PKS): Polyketide synthase (HBx): HBV X protein (CYP3A4): Cytochrome p450 3A4 (PXR): Pregnane X receptor (IL11RA-1): IL-11:IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 (AF-alb): Albumin adduct levels (B cells): B lymphocytes (T cells): T lymphocytes (ILC2).: Type 2 Innate Lymphoid cells (PMTDI): Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (CKD): Chronic kidney disease (NAFLD): Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (LAB): Lactic acid bacteria (GRAS): Generally recognized as safe (NK): Natural killer cells (HP/HT): High-pressure and high-temperature (AFs): Aflatoxins (PDA): Polydopamine (PVDF): Polyvinylidene fluoride Ochratoxin A: OTA References Abdel-Daim MM, Abdeen A, Jalouli M, Abdelkader A, Megahed A, Alkahtane A, Almeer R, Alhoshani NM, Al-Johani NS, Alkahtani S, Aleya L (2021) Fucoidan supplementation modulates hepato-renal oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 intoxication in rats
Additionally, flavonoids suppress SREBP-1c-driven lipogenesis and enhance PPAR--mediated -oxidation, thereby alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation ( Quercetin, a flavonol abundant in vegetables and medicinal herbs, activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway via MAPK/Nrf2 signaling to restore glutathione levels and reduce serum ALT/AST (Yao et al., 2007
Moreover, the role of HIF1-, VEGF, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis was assessed
