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J Exp Bot 66:29012911

33 Non-specific cysteine transporters While influx transporters are the main means by which cells acquire cystine, cysteine can also be taken up from the extracellular milieu into cells directly by excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) and the alanine-serine cysteine transporters 1 and 2 (ASCT1/2), all of which are known to be overexpressed in different cancer types 34 (Table 1)

Accessed February 24, 2012

However, GPx1 does not have the same effects as GPx4 [66, 67]

PPAR binds to the LC3 promoter, thus increasing its expression, activates BNIP3-mediated mitophagy, induces apoptosis, and inhibits the accumulation of fat ( in vitro obesity model established using mouse preadipocyte (3T3-L1) differentiation, and increased NR1D1 could rapidly bind to the ULK1 promoter, thus significantly up-regulating the expression of ULK1, Parkin and PINK1 and down-regulating that of TOM20, increasing mitophagy levels, enhancing 3T3-L1 cell viability and triglyceride (TG) content, reducing lipid droplet production, and attenuating obesity