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If fatigue continues, a clinician may evaluate anemia, thyroid disease, sleep problems, medication effects, mood concerns, or other causes

hospitalization required Maintenance of Remission: Immunomodulators (azathioprine, 6-MP, methotrexate) for steroid-dependent or frequently-relapsing disease Biologic monotherapy or combination therapy (biologic + immunomodulator) for moderate-to-severe disease Step-up or top-down approach based on disease severity, patient risk factors, and prior therapy Biologic Therapy Targets: TNF-: Infliximab (IV), adalimumab (SC), certolizumab pegol (SC) IL-12/23: Ustekinumab (IV induction, SC maintenance) Integrin: Vedolizumab (IV) IL-23: Risankizumab (IV induction, SC maintenance) JAK inhibition: Upadacitinib (oral) Surgical Management Surgery is indicated in approximately 7080% of patients with Crohns disease over their lifetime, per StatPearls

Regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis

2 Serum uric acid levels are typically considered elevated when they exceed ~7.0 mg/dL in men and 6.0 mg/dL in women

The frequency typically ranges from once daily to twice daily application, depending on the intensity of the desired effect and the sensitivity of the research model