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Metformin, a first-line therapy, has been shown in preclinical models to activate AMPK, improve mitochondrial function, and alleviate oxidative stress, thereby conferring resistance to ferroptosis in various cell types (95)

This leads to one of two outcomes: programmed cell death (apoptosis) or a state of irreversible growth arrest known as cellular senescence

It may benefit diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, skin aging, memory, heart health, and weight loss

Yet, numerous studies have demonstrated that ameliorating colitis, particularly UC, involves a multifaceted approach, encompassing the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduction of systemic inflammation, and restoration of the gut microbiota [111,112,113]

It is also not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women or individuals under 18