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5.3 SCFA production and anti-inflammatory effects Certain probiotic strains, particularly members of the Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus genera, produce SCFAs, notably acetate, propionate, and butyrate, via the fermentation of dietary fibers (168)

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an enzyme with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the cell from oxidative damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and reducing free hydrogen peroxide to water [21]

Neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress

A computational docking simulation using HDOCK on hBAX (PDB code 2K7W) and BNIP3-peptide 1-49 predicted an interaction with residues in BAX via -helix 5 and the N-terminal half of 1-2 loop, an important domain for its activation 37 (Fig

A recent study demonstrated that hyperoxia exposure markedly increased mtROS levels in neonatal mouse lung tissue, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome as well as promoted GSDMD cleavage dependent on caspase-1 and interleukin-1 release, ultimately resulting in macrophage pyroptosis and impaired alveolar development (Tu et al., 2025)