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Furthermore, hydrogen water's molecular sizethe smallest in existenceallows it to access cellular compartments inaccessible to larger antioxidant molecules, delivering protection to mitochondria and nuclear DNA where oxidative damage is most consequential

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Indeed, any accumulation of homocysteine or kynurenines due to vitamin insufficiency can lead to significant neurological consequences

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We conducted a focused review of literature from PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) through August 2025