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Ethics declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Patients from CNIC provided written informed consent and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hospital Carlos III (internal code P2/12)

112 DAN encompasses multiple subtypes, including cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy, genitourinary autonomic neuropathy, sudomotor dysfunction, hypoglycemia unawareness, and pupillary dysfunction, each affecting different organ systems and presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Fentaw Abegaz and Jos Manuel Horcas Nieto who helped check parameter choices in the model as well as Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje who assisted with cell culture

" Primary Parkinson's disease has no clear external cause, and is therefore classified as idiopathic or without cause (arising spontaneously)

It can be taken along with caffeine but doesnt need to be