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doi: 10.1097/00007890-199903150-00023 334 AfsharKRaoAPPatelVForresterKGaneshS

Short single-stranded DNAs are used to build nanostructures like double crossover, triple crossover, 4 4, and three-point star structures

Oral L-arginine supplementation improves endothelial function and ameliorates insulin sensitivity and inflammation in cardiopathic nondiabetic patients after an aortocoronary bypass

Cell therapy offers a promising new direction for the treatment of AR by addressing the underlying immune dysregulation, with the potential to induce immune tolerance and achieve longer-lasting therapeutic effects

6 discusses the strategies undertaken to modulate macrophages: (A) drug-loaded nanoparticles can target pro-inflammatory cytokines such IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1, and IL-17 released by macrophages for their activation, (B) some strategies target switching of the M 1 macrophages to the M 2 type, which is anti-inflammatory in nature, and (C) meanwhile several drugs leads to apoptosis of inflammatory M 1 macrophages, such as SOD-superoxide dismutase, QCT-quercetin, CQ-chloroquine, NO-nitric oxide, NF-kB-nuclear factor-kappa B, siRNA-small inhibitory RNA, RES-resveratrol, IL-10-interleukin-10, Mcl-1-myeloid cell leukaemia-1, MTX-methotrexate, and Cel-Celastrol