Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Van Duuren BL, Goldschmidt BM (1976) J Natl Cancer Inst 56:12371242 Veglia F, Loft S, Matullo G et al (2008) Carcinogenesis 29:932936 Wang M, Cheng G, Balbo S et al (2009) Cancer Res 69:71707174 West KA, Brognard J, Clark AS et al (2003) J Clin Invest 111:8190 Witschi H (2000) Exp Lung Res 26:743755 Witschi H (2005) Exp Lung Res 31:318 Wynder EL, Graham EA, Croninger AB (1953) Cancer Res 13:855864 Yuan JM, Koh WP, Murphy SE et al (2009) Cancer Res 69:29902995 Zhang S, Villalta PW, Wang M et al (2006) Chem Res Toxicol 19:13861392 Zhao C, Kumar R, Hemminki K (2000) Biomarkers 3:327334 Zhao C, Tyndyk M, Eide I et al (1999) Mutat Res 424:117125 Acknowledgments Studies in the Hecht laboratory on cigarette smoking and cancer are supported by grants CA-81301 and CA-92025 from the National Cancer Institute and grant ES-11297 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Combustion, fine particles, soot, trace metals, and the wrapper around them all matter more than what is written on the box, said P S Ganesh Subramanian, a postdoctoral researcher
The rolls were either wrapped in heavy canvass or packed in small barrels for shipping
The PAF uses information on the risks of smoking, the incidence of lung cancer (which was used as a proxy for long-term smoking), and the incidence of cancer in each country to calculate the proportion of cancers that could be avoided if no one smoked
Columbus wrote in his journal, The natives brought fruit, wooden spears, and certain dried leaves which gave off a distinct fragrance
