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Survey carried out by ASH and the Smoking in Pregnancy research group at the University of Nottingham as part of the Nicotine Replacement Effectiveness and Delivery in Pregnancy (NREADY) programme

Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that results in the damage of your lungs air sacs, leading to breathing difficulties

Abbreviations COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease EMT: Epithelialmesenchymal transition TGF-: Transforming growth factor- CS: Cigarette smoke CSE: Cigarette smoke extract DAMP: Damage-associated molecular patterns PAMPS: Pathogen-associated molecular patterns ROS: Reactive oxygen species TLRs: Tolllike receptors NLRs: NODlike receptors RNS: Reactive nitric oxide ER: Endoplasmic reticulum UPR: Unfolded protein response FSP1: Fibroblast specific protein 1 2M: 2-Microglobulin MHC I: Major histocompatibility complex TGF-: Transforming growth factor- NF-kB: Nuclear factor-kappa B NAC: N -Acetylcysteine SABA: Short-acting Beta2-agonists LABA: Long-acting Beta2-agonists SAMAs: Short-acting antimuscarinics LAMAs: Long-acting muscarinic antagonists ICS: Inhaled corticosteroids PDE4: Phosphodiesterase-4 uPA: Urokinase-type plasminogen activators uPAR: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor ADSC: Adipose-derived stem cell ADSC-CM: Adipose-derived stem cell-conditioned medium References Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of COPD: 2022 report

Ive undertaken to publish as many replies as I can in the hope that it will help even more people to freedom

Smoke residue coats nearly every surface, so focus on wiping down all areas thoroughly