is sugar more dangerous than alcohol and tobacco Comparative risk assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis other illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach The Harmful Duo - Max

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Smoking affects gum health in multiple ways simultaneously: It reduces blood flow to the gum tissue, impairing the immune response and healing capacity It suppresses the function of neutrophils and macrophages the immune cells that fight the bacteria causing gum disease It alters the composition of bacteria in the dental plaque, favouring the species most associated with aggressive periodontitis It reduces the mouths salivary flow, which normally helps neutralise bacterial acids and wash debris from tooth surfaces The result is that smokers are significantly more likely to develop gum disease, experience more rapid bone loss when they do, and respond less well to periodontal treatment

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Chronic intake of potato chips in humans increases the production of reactive oxygen radicals by leukocytes and increases plasma C-reactive protein: A pilot study

Apr 28, 2025 5 min read Valley Center, CA April 18, 2025 Indian Health Council, Inc